Intersample Peak
Definition
A peak in a digital audio signal that occurs between two consecutive samples and can exceed 0 dBFS during digital-to-analog conversion, even when the recorded waveform appears to be within range. A primary cause of distortion in streaming-encoded content.
In Simple Terms
Hidden volume spikes that your DAW's meter doesn't show. They become real when your file is converted to MP3 or AAC, causing distortion your listeners hear but you didn't. A true peak limiter set to -1 dBTP catches them.
In Practice
A limiter ceiling set to -1.0 dBFS provides headroom for intersample peaks, preventing distortion when the file is encoded to AAC or MP3 for streaming distribution.
Common Confusion
A waveform that peaks at exactly 0 dBFS in a DAW can still clip after encoding. This is why mastering engineers use true peak limiters set below 0 dBFS — standard peak meters do not reveal intersample peaks.