Q Factor (Bandwidth)
Definition
A parameter in parametric equalizers that controls the width of the frequency band being boosted or cut. A high Q value creates a narrow, surgical band; a low Q value creates a broad, musical shape.
In Simple Terms
How wide or narrow an EQ adjustment is. A wide Q gently shapes a broad range of frequencies—musical and smooth. A narrow Q surgically targets one specific problem frequency—precise but can sound unnatural if overdone.
In Practice
A narrow Q notch at 1.2 kHz surgically removes a resonance in an acoustic guitar recording without significantly affecting surrounding frequencies.